Fig. 5. Altered cardiac signaling pathways in response to I/R in GDM offspring. (A) Hearts were subjected to 20 min of global ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion by using the Langendorff perfusion system. Left ventricular contractile function was assessed by HR x LVDP. (B) p-AMPK, AMPK; (C) p-ACC, ACC; (D) p-Akt, Akt; (E) p-Erk (1/2), Erk (1/2) and (F) p-JNK, JNK were determined by Western blotting. Results represent the mean ± SEM; n≥3 per group. ^#p<0.05 CON; * indicates p<0.05 compared with CON-baseline; ƚ indicates p<0.05 compared with CON-I/R; ǂ indicates p<0.05 compared with GDM-baseline group; ξ indicates p<0.05 compared with GDM-I/R; § indicates p<0.05 compared with CON-I/R; ¤ indicates p<0.05 compared with CON-reperfusion.